Inhibitory effect of cocoomyxa gloeobotrydifomis on benign prostate hyperplasia in aged rats and its action mechanism / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the inhibitory effect of cocoomyxa gloeobotrydifomis (CGD) on benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in aged rats and its underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty SD male rats aged 21 months were equally randomized to three groups, aged control, low-dose CGD and high-dose CGD, the latter two groups fed on a diet with CGD at 50 and 100 mg per kg per d for 3 months, while the aged controls on normal laboratory chow. Another 10 3-month-old male rats were included in a young control group and fed on the same diet as the aged control rats. At the end of 3 months of CGD treatment, the prostates of all the rats were harvested and weighed. The histomorphological and interstitial changes of the prostatic tissue were observed by HE staining and Masson staining, respectively. The expressions of phosphorylated phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), phosphorylated Akt (Ser 473) and phosphorylated PTEN in the rat prostate were determined by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The wet weight and index of the prostate were significantly higher in the aged controls than in the young controls ([1 220 +/- 140] vs [550 +/- 60] mg, P < 0.01; 2.08 +/- 0.17 vs 1.94 +/- 0.10, P < 0.05). High-dose CGD significantly inhibited the increase in the prostatic wet weight and index of the aged rats ([1 080 +/- 97] mg and 1.85 +/- 0.16) as compared with the aged controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The epithelium and interstitium, particularly the latter, were evidently thicker in the aged control than in the CGD-treated rats. The protein levels of phosphorylated PDK1 and Akt were significantly enhanced, while that of phosphorylated PTEN remarkably down-regulated in the aged rats as compared with the young ones. The expressions of phosphorylated PDK1 and Akt were significantly decreased, whereas that of phosphorylated PTEN markedly increased in both the low-dose and high-dose CGD groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CGD can significantly inhibit BPH in aged rats through down-regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.</p>

Greenlight photoselective vaporization prostatectomy versus thulium laser vaporesection of the prostate for aged high-risk BPH patients with the prostate heavier than 80 g / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effects of greenlight photoselective vaporization prostatectomy (PVP) and thulium laser vaporesection of the prostate (TmLRP) in the treatment of aged high-risk BPH patients with the prostate weighing > 80 g.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We included in this study 118 high-risk BPH patients aged 62-96 (mean 76) years with the prostate heavier than 80 g, 82 treated by PVP and the other 36 by TmLRP. Then we compared the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, complications, short-term effectiveness, and surgical cost between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients tided over the perioperative period without blood transfusion and serious complications. The mean operation time, postoperative bladder irrigation time and surgical cost were significantly less in the TmLRP than in the PVP group (P < 0.05). Both the procedures remarkably improved the international prostatic symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), post void residual urine (PVR) and Qmax of the patients (P < 0.05), but with no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both PVP and TmLRP are effective and safe for the treatment of aged high-risk BPH patients with the prostate heavier than 80 g, but the latter is superior for its shorter operation time and lower surgical cost.</p>

Transurethral thulium laser urethrotomy for urethral stricture / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of endourethrotomy with thulium laser as a minimally invasive treatment for urethral stricture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We treated 36 cases of urethral stricture or atresia by endourethrotomy with thulium laser, restored the urethral continuity by vaporization excision of the scar tissue, and observed the clinical effects and complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operation time was 35 min, ranging from 10 to 90 min. Smooth urination was achieved after 2-6 weeks of catheter indwelling, with no urinary incontinence. The patients were followed up for 4-24 (mean 12) months, during which 27 did not need any reintervention, 5 developed urinary thinning but cured by urethral dilation, 3 received another laser urethrotomy for previous negligence of timely urethral dilation, and the other 1 underwent open urethroplasty.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Thulium laser urethrotomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive option for short urethral stricture, which is also suitable for severe urethral stricture and urethral atresia. Its short-term outcome is satisfactory, but its long-term effect remains to be further observed.</p>

Velocity vector imaging for left ventricular diastolic function assessment and the reference values / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study value of velocity vector imaging (VVI) in assessment of normal left ventricular diastolic function and the corresponding reference values.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-seven healthy subjects were selected by combined clinical, ultrasound, and NT-proBNP examinations. Using a Siemens Acuson Sequoia C512 echocardiograph, VVI was adopted to examine the myocardial early diastolic velocity (E) of the septal, lateral, anterior, inferior, anterior septum, and posterior wall of the left ventricle at the level of mitral annulus. The images were analyzed for VVI and the mean diastolic velocity (E(m)) and hence the E/E(m) ratio was calculated based on the offline workstation interface.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The reference range of E/E(m) ratio derived from the data of the 97 healthy subjects was (unilateral boundaries with 95% limit) and (1, 22.935), was (1, 22.300) in male subjects and (1, 24.766) in female subjects. The reference E/E(m) range was (0, 22.413) in male subjects under 50 years of age, (1, 24.766) in female subjects under 50 years, (1, 22.300) in male subjects over 50 years, and (1, 24.766) in female subjects over 50 years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VVI is a good method for non-invasive evaluation of the left ventricular diastolic function and provides an accurate and reliable means for clinical assessment of the left ventricular diastolic function.</p>

Effects of acute cerebral ischemia on cerebral perfusion: quantitative evaluation by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in dogs / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the changes of cerebral blood flow (CBF) with real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) in a canine model of acute cerebral ischemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cerebral perfusion was assessed in 6 dogs subjected to craniotomy with CEU at the time of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after occlusion of the left common carotid artery (LCCA). The microvascular volume (A) and blood flow velocity (beta) in the brain were measured from the time-versus-acoustic intensity plots, and the value of Axbeta were calculated. 99mTc-ECD brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed on the day before the experiment and at 120 min after LCCA occlusion. The radioactive counts on both sides of the cerebral cortex were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A significant correlation was found between Axbeta from CEU and volume of the blood flow of the CCA from Doppler flowmetry. A, beta and Axbeta values varied significantly between the different time points (P>0.001). The ipsilateral hemisphere showed a low-perfusion state while the contralateral hemisphere showed a high-perfusion state immediately after the occlusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The changes of beta is the main regulation mechanism during acute cerebral ischemia in dogs.</p>

Impact of ultrasound-mediated microbubbles on myocardial vascular permeability in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of high-dose microbubbles induced by high mechanical index myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) on vascular permeability and its recovery time in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 MCE groups (groups A-D) and a control group. In the MCE groups, Evans blue was injected at 10 s before MCE (A), immediately after the end of MCE (B), and at 5 min (C) and 20 min after the end of MCE (D). In the control group, the microbubbles and Evans blue were injected at the end of a 5-min ultrasound exposure. All the rats were sacrificed 5 min after Evans blue injection, and the content of Evans blue in the myocardium and the percentage of Evans blue leakage area were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of Evans blue leakage area in groups A, B and C were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), while the percentage was similar between group D and the control group (P>0.05). Evans blue contents in groups A and B were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but groups C and D showed comparable contents with the control group E (P>0.05). No significant changes of the heart rates and premature beat number were observed during and after MCE in these groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High mechanical index MCE and a high contrast dose may induce increased microvascular leakage in rats, and the vascular permeability can recover in 20 min after MCE.</p>

Effects of polyethylene oxide at different concentrations on abdominal aortic blood flow and vascular resistance in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of polyethylene oxide (PEO) solution at different concentrations on abdominal aortic blood flow and vascular resistance in rats and evaluate the safety and drag-reducing effect of PEO solution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two rats were anesthetized and randomly divided into 4 groups. An ultrasonic flow probe was deployed on the abdominal aorta (5 mm above the common iliac artery) to measure the blood flow. The carotid artery pressure, iliac artery pressure, iliac vein pressure, central venous pressure (CVP) and ECG were also monitored. Saline or different concentrations of PEO [(1x10(-6)(low), 1x10(-5)(middle) and 5x10(-5)(high) g/ml)] were injected in the 4 groups of rats through the caudal vein at a constant rate of 5 ml/h for 20 min, and the changes of the vascular resistance was observed. RESULTS After injections of 1x10(-6) and 1x10(-5) g/ml PEO, the abdominal aortic flow increased significantly (P<0.05) while the vascular resistance was reduced (P(low)=0.052, P(middle)<0.001) as compared to those in the saline control group. Following the injection with 5x10(-5) g/ml PEO, the abdominal aortic flow increased to a threshold in the initial 4 min, after which it rapidly decreased to approach the baseline levels despite continuous infusion. Blood pressure remained stable after the injections except for 5x10(-5) g/mlPEO injection, which resulted in a reduction of the blood pressure by about 10 mmHg (P=0.014). The heart rate and CVP both underwent no significant changes following the injections.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The drag-reducing effect of PEO is closely related to its concentration, and compared with 1x10(-6) g/ml, 1x10(-5) g/ml PEO more effectively increases the blood flow and decreases the resistance. The effectiveness and safety of EPO are attenuated at a concentration higher than 5x10(-5) g/ml.</p>

Effect of polyethylene oxide on red blood cell velocity in rat cremaster microcirculation / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the drag-reducing effect of polyethylene oxide (PEO) on the velocity of red blood cells in rat cremaster microcirculation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples were collected from 6 Wistar male rats (100-110 g) via the post-orbital venous plexus. The red blood cells were separated by centrifugation and labeled by fluorescinisothiocyate (FITC). After successful establishment of cremaster model, the labeled red blood cells were injected into the jugular vein, and the microcirculation was observed and recorded under fluorescence microscope. The hemodynamic parameters and microcirculation video was recorded every 4 min since 4 min before PEO or normal saline injection. Both PEO (10 ppm) and normal saline was injected into the same rat in random sequence at a constant rate of 3.5 ml/h for 20 min followed by observation for another 20 min. The velocity of the labeled-red blood cells was determined by IPP 6.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with normal saline, PEO significantly increased the velocity of the red blood cells in the rat cremaster microcirculation (498.7-/+182.89 microm/s vs 773.54-/+308.27 microm/s, P=0.012). No significant changes in the heart rate and arterial blood pressure were observed during the experiment (P=0.836, P=0.420).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PEO at an extremely low concentration can significantly increase the velocity of the red blood cells in rat cremaster microcirculation and produces no significant impact on heart rate and arterial blood pressure.</p>

Targeted delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one Wistar rats were divided into MSCs-iv group (MSCs-iv), ultrasound+MSCs-iv group (US+MSCs-iv), ultrasound+microbubble+MSCs-iv group (US+MB+MSCs-iv) with intravenous MSC transfer, ultrasound and microbubble treatment as indicated. The skeletal muscles were obtained from the rats for microscopic examination with HE staining. The hindlimb gracilis and semimembranosus muscles were sampled 7 days after MSC transplantation, and the transplanted MSCs were detected by immunohistochemistry. The vital organs were collected from rats in US+MB+MSCs-iv group for immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In US+MB+MSCs-iv group, HE staining demonstrated the presence of red blood cell leakage into the tissue space in the gracilis and semimembranosus muscles, and immunohistochemistry identified large numbers of transplanted MSCs in the the gracilis and semimembranosus muscles and the spleen, whereas no labeled cells were detected in the skeletal muscles in other groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction provides a useful means for enhancing the efficiency of stem cell transplantation.</p>

Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function using velocity vector imaging and quantitative tissue velocity imaging / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To validate the efficacy of velocity vector imaging (VVI) and quantitative tissue velocity imaging (QTVI) for evaluating left ventricular diastolic function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-one patients underwent left heart catheterization were included in this study. Mean of peak early diastolic velocity (Em), EF and the ratio of early (E) to late (A) mitral valve flow velocity (E/A) were measured by echocardiography and the ratio of E to Em (E/Em) was calculated. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was measured during catheterization examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>E/Em derived from VVI or QTVI was significantly correlated with LVEDP (r = 0.808, P < 0.01 and r = 0.692, P < 0.01, respectively) and the correlation coefficient between VVI and LVEDP was significantly higher than that between QTVI and LVEDP (Z = 2.246, P = 0.025). Em derived from VVI and QTVI also negatively correlated with LVEDP (r = -0.740, P < 0.01 and r = -0.567, P < 0.01) and the correlation coefficient between VVI and LVEDP was significantly higher than that between QTVI and LVEDP (Z = 2.595, P = 0.009). However, there was no correlation between E/A and LVEDP (r = 0.117, P = 0.415).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>E/Em and Em derived from VVI and QTVI are valuable parameters for evaluating LV diastolic function.</p>

Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in canine acute myocardial ischemia using velocity vector imaging and quantitative tissue velocity imaging / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of velocity vector imaging (VVI) and quantitative tissue velocity imaging (QTVI) in assessing left ventricular diastolic function of the dogs with acute myocardial ischemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six healthy mongrel dogs were subjected to ligation of the left circumflex artery or left anterior descending artery to induce coronary artery stenosis of varying degrees. The mean peak diastolic velocity (Em) of the ventricular walls around the mitral annulus was recorded with VVI or QTVI in the coronary blood flow. The left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was measured with pigtail catheter in the left ventricle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As the coronary blood flow decreased, LVEDP was gradually increased, and Em measured by VVI or QTVI were also gradually decreased. A good linear correlation was shown between Em measured by VVI or QTVI and LVEDP (r=-0.834, P<0.001, and r=-0.68, P<0.001, respectively). A significant difference was observed in the correlation coefficient between VVI and QTVI (Z=2.625, P=0.0087).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VVI and QTVI both provide good noninvasive means for measuring left ventricular diastolic function. VVI, a new echocardiographic modality without angular dependence, is better than QTVI in evaluating left ventricular diastolic function.</p>

Assessment of direct effects of dobutamine on coronary microcirculation with myocardial contrast echocardiography: comparison with adenosine / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the direct effects of dobutamine as compared to adenosine on the coronary microcirculation in both normal and stenotic segments using myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery stenosis, which was not flow limiting at rest, was established in 9 dogs. At the baseline and during intracoronary infusion of dobutamine (2 mg.kg(-1).min(-1)) and adenosine (5 mg.kg(-1).min(-1)), the radiolabeled microsphere (RM)-derived myocardial blood flow (MBF) were determined, and the double product (DP) and myocardial vascular resistance (MVR) were calculated. MCE was performed to determine the myocardial blood volume (MBV, represented by A) and microbubble velocity (beta).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared to the baseline level, the MBF increased and MVR decreased significantly in both the normal and abnormal beds during infusion of both drugs (P<0.05). In the normal bed, adenosine had no effect on MBV, the decrease in MVR was the result of decreased arteriolar (plus venular) resistance, and the increase in MBF was predominately due to the increase in b (deltabeta/ deltaA=13.6). Dobutamine caused a 28% increase in MBV, responsible for 32% of the decrease in the total MVR, but the increase in MBF arose mainly from the increase in b (deltabeta/deltaA=5.9). In the abnormal bed, both the drugs caused a similar increase in MBF entirely by increasing b, and 14% and 15% of the increases in capillary resistance were associated with the capillary derecruitment during administration of dobutamine and adenosine, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The direct effects of intracoronary dobutamine infusion on the coronary microcirculation are similar to that of adenosine, and the increase in MBF occurs mostly as the result of increased myocardial blood velocity.</p>

Ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction increases capillary permeability in rat skeletal muscles / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of ultrasound mediated microbubble destruction on capillary permeability in rat skeletal muscles.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen SD rats were randomized into 3 groups, namely the Evans blue (EB) group, EB+ultrasound (E+U) group and EB+microbubble+ultrasound (U+E+M) group with corresponding treatments, using EB injected into the carotid artery as the indicator for capillary permeability. The microbubbles were injected through the carotid artery with fixed ultrasound parameters. The spillover of EB was estimated under fluorescence microscope according to the visual staining scores. The contents of EB in the skeletal muscles were calculated according to the standard curve and spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EB spillover was observed around the capillaries in E+U+M group, which had a significantly higher visual score than EB group and E+U group (0 and 0-1, respectively, P<0.05). The EB content was 51.57-/+3.89 microg/g in E+U+M group, also significantly higher than those in EB group (28.99-/+4.67 microg/g) and E+U group (30.99-/+4.11 microg/g) (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exposure to both ultrasound and microbubble contrast agents results in increased capillary permeability of rat skeletal muscles, which might be an important mechanisms for gene delivery enhancement by ultrasound contrast agents.</p>

Nitroglycerine promotes myocardial oxygen metabolism and regional cardiac function in vivo / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of nitroglycerine (NTG) on myocardial oxygen metabolism and regional cardiac function in canine hearts with a stable systemic hemodynamics in situ.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight anesthetized open-chest dogs with flow-limited left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery or left circumflex artery (LCx) stenosis were studied. The percentage of ventricular wall thickening (%WT) was measured with quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), myocardial blood flow (MBF) with radiolabeled microspheres and tissue oxygen pressure (tPO(2).) with oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence. 2DE was performed and radiolabeled microspheres and Pd-porphyrin injected in the dogs at rest during intracoronary infusion of 0.3-0.6 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) of NTG. Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO(2), ml x min(-1) x 100 g(-1)) was calculated as the multiplication product between the arterio-venous oxygen content difference and MBF, and myocardial O(2) delivery as the product between arterial oxygen content and MBF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with the baseline, NTG increased %WT and MBF significantly in both normal and ischemic beds (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in MVO(2) during NTG infusion in the ischemic bed (P<0.05) in comparison with that measured at rest. NTG, however, significantly increased the ability of myocardial O(2) delivery in both normal and ischemic beds (P<0.05), therefore tPO(2) was still higher in the ischemic bed during NTG infusion than that at rest (P<0.05). The percentage increment in tPO(2) was significantly greater in the ischemic bed than percentage MBF increment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NTG enhances myocardial oxygen concentration in normal and ischemic myocardium and may increase oxygen release to the ischemic myocardium in vivo. NTG may have a positive inotropic effect on regional cardiac function. In addition to direct effect on vascular tone, NTG plays important roles in the cardiovascular system by modulating myocardial oxygen metabolism and contractile function.</p>

RNA interference inhibits the expression of survivin and induces the apoptosis of PC-3 cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the inhibitory effect of RNA interference (RNAi) on the expression of survivin mRNA and its inducibility of the apoptosis of PC-3 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>siRNA expression vectors were designed and constructed to be directed at survivin and transfected into PC-3 cells by Lipofectamine in 4 groups: plasmid A, plasmid B, negative sequence and control E. RT-PCR, Western blot and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of survivin mRNA and the apoptosis of PC-3 cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression rates of survivin protein were 18.94% +/- 0.63%, 16.35 +/- 0.23%, 46.41% +/- 0.76% and 46.20 +/- 1.47%, those of survivin mRNA were 27.94% +/- 1.43%, 24.51% +/- 1.37%, 49.46% +/- 0.71% and 48.49% +/- 1.32%, and the apoptosis rates of PC-3 cells were 12.80% +/- 1.33%, 16.48% +/- 1.00%, 3.03% +/- 0.62% and 2.96% +/- 0.41% respectively in different groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RNAi can effectively inhibit the expression of survivin mRNA and induce the apoptosis of PC-3 cells.</p>

Effect of microbubble cavitation on microcirculation of rat skeletal muscle / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of therapeutic ultrasound-induced microbubble destruction on the microcirculation of rat skeletal muscle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty SD rats were randomized into 5 groups (n=6), namely normal saline, microbubble, ultrasound, high-energy ultrasound microbubble and low-energy ultrasound microbubble groups. Before and after the treatments, the diameter and blood flow velocity in the microvessels in the skeletal muscle were measured, and the structural changes of the injured microvessels observed by electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Microbubble cavitation did not produce significant effect on the mean arterial pressure and diameter of microvessels in rat skeletal muscle (P>0.05), but the blood flow velocity was obviously lowered and blood flow volume reduced in the microvessels. The reduction of the flow velocity and blood flow volume and their subsequent recovery were associated with ultrasound energy, and in the low ultrasound energy group, the flow velocity and blood flow volume in the of venules recovered obviously after about 15 min, which, however, took approximately 1 h for the arterioles. In contrast, recovery of the flow velocity and blood flow volume in the microvessels took more than 2 h in the high ultrasound energy group. Cavitation resulted in endothelium cell rupture, widening of the endothelial interspace and entry of the red blood cells into the extravascular tissues as revealed by electron microscopy, but no rupture of the lining endothelium was observed 2 h after the treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Endothelium cell rupture induced by microbubble cavitation may affect the local microcirculation, and lower ultrasound energy exposure is associated with milder endothelial injury and more rapid recovery.</p>

An experimental study on renal microvascular perfusion in dogs with acute cardiac insufficiency / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes and the effects of captopril on the renal blood flow and microvascular perfusion in dogs with acute cardiac insufficiency.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Acute cardial insufficiency was induced by combining occlusion of the left anterior descending artery with right ventricular pacing in 12 mongrel dogs. The ascending aorta and left kidney were dissected and ultrasonic flow probes were placed on ascending aorta and renal artery to monitor cardiac output (CO) and renal blood flow (RBF). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the kidney was performed as CO was reduced to 25% (LCO25%) and 50% (LCO50%) from the basic measurement and microvascular flow velocity (beta), microvascular volume (A) and microvascular blood flow (renal cortex) were observed. After CO reduced to 50%, captopril 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg were injected successively and contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the kidney were performed again before and after injection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At baseline, CO, RBF, CXbeta (beta of renal cortex), A and A x beta were (1.46 +/- 0.16) ml/min, (107.5 +/- 35.7) ml/min, 1.39 +/- 0.14, 120.3 +/- 14.8 and 167.4 +/- 25.0, respectively. After the LCO25% was reached, RAF, CXbeta, A and A x beta decreased to (72.50 +/- 32.4) ml/min, 0.87 +/- 0.082, 117.6 +/- 13.1, and 102.6 +/- 15.5, respectively. The corresponding values after the LCO50% was reached were (44.1 +/- 17.2) ml/min, 0.61 +/- 0.039, 106.9 +/- 12.0, and 64.7 +/- 8.83, respectively. It is suggested that the volume of the renal microvasculature remained stable until the LCO50% was reached. When captopril 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg were injected successively at LCO50%, MAP decreased from (85.4 +/- 7.8) mm Hg to (78.7 +/- 7.3) mm Hg and to (69.1 +/- 6.3) mm Hg (P < 0.05), respectively, while CO increased from 0.73 +/- 0.084 to 0.83 +/- 0.065 and to 0.9 +/- 0.054 (P < 0.05), respectively. RBF increased from (44.1 +/- 17.2) ml/min to 60.3 +/- 17.8 and to 79.4 +/- 17.8 (P < 0.05), respectively. After captopril 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg were injected, the increased flow ratios with CO were 0.15 +/- 0.084 and 0.31 +/- 0.011, respectively, and with RBF were 0.29 +/- 089 and 0.522 +/- 0.040, respectively. The increased renal blood flow ratio was higher than that of CO after captopril was used. The corresponding increases were from 0.61 +/- 0.039 to 0.75 +/- 0.020 and to 0.86 +/- 0.027 for CX beta, from 106.9 +/- 11.9 to 115.4 +/- 11.1 and to 116.6 +/- 8.9 for A, from 64.7 +/- 8.83 to 87.0 +/- 8.6 and to 100.6 +/- 8.9 for A x beta, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The renal microvasculature plays a role by keeping its volume stable in the protection against renal ischemia when acute cardiac output decreases slightly. The role of captopril to improve renal microvascular perfusion is independent of increased total cardiac output or increased systemic blood pressure.</p>

Treatment of glandular cystitis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve the therapeutic results of patients with glandular cystitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-seven patients with glandular cystitis were treated according to their different etiological factors. The therapeutic methods included anti-infection, obstruction relief, bladder irrigation, transurethral resection, partial cystectomy, total cystectomy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients who were associated stones and foreign bodies (50%) were cured spontaneously with an effective rate of 94%. The effective rate in patients with low urinary tract obstruction was 84%. Patients with simple urinary tract infection (53%) were cured spontaneously after anti-infection therapy. The effective rate, recurrence rate and malignancy rate in patients without associated diseases were 71%, 46% and 21% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cystitis glandularis should be treated according to different etiological factors.</p>

Age-dependent alternations in beta-adrenoceptor function in human detrusor and possible mechanism / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the age-dependent alternations in beta-adrenergic response and possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The response to beta-adrenergic agonists isoprenaline and BRL37344, forskolin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) of samples from senile people in 10 cases were examined by cellular functional test. Radioligand binding assay was also performed using non-selective beta-adrenergic receptors ligand [(3)H]-dihydroalprenolol ([(3)H]-DHA), the specimens of young men in 10 cases as the control group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no age-dependent change in the contractile response to potassium chloride. The relaxing responses to isoprenaline, BRL37344 and forskolin decreased by 15.0%, 17.6% and 12.6% respectively (P < 0.01). The pD(2) values of the isoprenaline and BRL37344 also declined significantly. There was no difference in the responses to DBcAMP between the two groups. The maximum binding site decreased significantly with increasing age, but the equilibrium-dissociation constant did not change.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is an age-related decline in beta-adrenergic responsiveness, which might be one of the causative factors of the reduced bladder compliance of the elderly. The decrease of cAMP level caused by the reduced receptor density and adenyl cyclase activity might be the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes of beta-adrenergic responsiveness.</p>

Assessment of myocardial ischemia and infarction by intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography with perfluorocarbon microbubbles / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) with intermittent second harmonic technique and perfluorocarbon microbubbles in identifying myocardial ischemia and infarction. METHODS: Open-chest dogs were performed by intravenous MCE with perfluorocarbon microbubbles after 3 h of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion. The parameters of time-intensity curve were measured and compared between the normal and ischemic myocardial area at short-axis view of left ventricule midpapillary muscle level. The infarct size assessed by MCE was compared with the gross pathologic specimen stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). RESULTS: The peak intensity (PI), T1/2, and area under curve (AUC) in the ischemic area were significantly different versus the normal area 13.5+/-1.9 compared with 22.5+/-2.4; 16.6+/-0.9 compared with 9.7+/-0.5; 231.6+/-14.9 compared with 405.6+/-12.3 P<0.02). The percents of the no flow area determined by MCE had correlation with those by TTC stain(r=0.89, P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Intermittent second harmonic MCE using intravenous injection of perfluorocarbon microbubbles could assess myocardial perfusion, diagnose ischemia, and define myocardial infarct size.